Concentrations of trimethoprim and sulphadoxine in tissues from goats and a cow.

The concentration of trimethoprim and sulphadoxine in plasma and tissue from goats and a cow have been determined after a single intravenous injection. Furthermore, the concentration of the two drugs and their metabolites in plasma and tissues have been determined after continuous intravenous infusion for 2½–3 hrs. Trimethoprim was present in all tissues but brain at higher concentrations than in plasma while the concentration of sulphadoxine in the different tissues were lower than in plasma. The highest concentration of the 2 drugs and their metabolites was found in the kidney. The distribution pattern of trimethoprim and sulphadoxine was similar in cow and goats.     

Investigations on the Occurrence of Hereditary Diseases in the Danish Cattle Population 1989-1991

Agerholm, J.S., A. Basse and K. Christensen: Investigations on the occurrence of hereditary diseases in the Danish cattle population 1989-1991. Acta vet. scand. 1993, 34, 245-253.– The methods of the Danish Bovine Genetic Disease Programme are outlined, and the results obtained during the first 3 years in function are described. The most common disease reported was spinal muscular atrophy in calves of the Red Danish Dairy breed with 312 reports. Necropsy was performed on 162 cases, and spinal muscular atrophy was diagnosed in 82 of these. Bovine progressive degenerative mye-loencephalopathy, rectovaginal constriction, syndrome of arthrogryposis and palatoschisis, hereditary chondrodysplasia (2 different types), syndactylism, epitheliogenesis imperfecta, and osteogenesis imperfecta was diagnosed with 1 case each. Lethal trait A46 was diagnosed in 4 calves. Some of these diseases have not previously been described in Denmark, and epitheliogenesis imperfecta was for the first time diagnosed in the Hereford breed. Chromosome translocation 1/29 was detected in the Blonde d’Aquitaine (BAQ), Limousine, and Red Danish Dairy breed. The aberration occurred frequently in BAQ. Furthermore, a complex chromosome translocation t(l;8;9)(q45;ql3;q26) was detected in the Red Danish Dairy breed.     

回交改良家蚕性连锁平衡致死系的研究

将家蚕性连锁平衡致死系与优良常规品种杂交后 ,F1代自交 ,再与平衡致死系回交 ,然后利用标记基因选择 ,可以把常规品种的血缘导入平衡致死系 ,改良其经济性状。本文对这一方法进行了研究 ,并证明了这种方法的实用价值     

Selenium Concentrations in Tissues and Eggs of Growing and Laying Chickens Fed Sodium Selenite at Different Levels

Growing and laying chickens were fed graded levels of selenium in the form of sodium selenite. One day old Norwegian bred broiler chickens and 20 weeks old Norwegian bred White Leghorn chickens were divided into 5 groups each and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1.0, 3.0 or 6.0 μg Se/g for 6 and 31 weeks, respectively. At the end of the experiments significantly higher concentrations of selenium were found in the groups fed 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 μg Se/g diet compared to the control group. Correspondingly higher concentrations of selenium were found in egg samples. The increase in egg yolk selenium was much higher than in egg white. Significant correlations were found between the amounts of selenium added to the ration and the selenium concentrations in liver, kidney, breast muscle, egg white, yolk and homogenized egg. There were no differences in body weight gain and egg production between the groups. A possible positive contribution to animal and human health of selenium supplementation of animals’ diet above the required level is discussed.     

Paralytic shellfish poison as an attractant for toxic snails

The attracting effect of paralytic shell poison (PSP) on eight toxic snail species (Polinices didyma, Natica lineata, N. vitellus, Zeuxis sufflatus, Niotha clathrata, Oliva miniacea, O. mustelina, O. hirasei) and two non-toxic species (Pomacea canaliculata, Satsuma bairdi) was investigated. Eight toxic species were reported to contain tetrodotoxin, and three out of these contained minor PSP. The minimum lethal dose of PSP in most toxic gastropods was estimated to be more than 150 MU PSP/20 g body weight, but in non-toxic gastropods was less than 15 MU PSP/20 g body weight. After the attracting test, all toxic gastropods showed significant positive linear relationship (Y=3.716X+0.363, r=0.8427) between comparative attracting variation and the toxicity reported. The relationship between PSP resistance ability and the toxicity also had a positive correlation (Y=0.91X+210.090, r=0.6803). However, the non-toxic species showed a negative response. This indicates that PSP is an attractant for toxic snails.     

河蟹溞状幼体培育期使用孔雀石绿杀灭聚缩虫的试验

孔雀石绿对河蟹(氵蚤)状幼体的48小时半数致死浓度Ⅰ期幼体为1.89ppm,V期幼体为7.45ppm。在河蟹工厂化育苗中如果发生聚缩虫感染,可采用孔雀石绿1ppm浓度全池泼洒、10～12小时内排出药液水、技入新水的方法杀灭聚缩虫,不会影响河蟹(氵蚤)状幼体的变态发育。     

三种有毒物质对文蛤的毒性试验

在常温和静水条件下，用通常的生物毒性试验方法进行了Ｈ２Ｓ、Ｚｎ、ＮＨ３对文蛤的急性毒性试验，求出了它们对３．６０￣３．７４厘米体长文蛤的半致死浓度和安全浓度，为江苏沿海文蛤大批死亡的原因从侧面提供了分析的依据。     

海蜇螅状幼体和碟状幼体窒息点和耗氧量的初步测定

在温度２０±１℃和盐度２２─２４‰条件下，对海蜇螅状幼体和碟状幼体进行了窒息点和耗氧量的初步测定。结果表明：螅状幼体的窒息点低于０．１０ｍｇ·Ｌ，直径３．４─１０．２ｍｍ碟状幼体的窒息点为０．１７─０．２０ｍｇ·Ｌ。螅状幼体的个体耗氧量为２．９３μｇ·ｄ，耗氧率为２．６６ｍｇ·ｇ·ｈ（干重）：直径３．４、４．６和１０．２ｍｍ碟状幼体的个体耗氧量分别为４．７７、２５．４１和７９．４５μｇ·ｄ，耗氧率分别为４．９７、２．４６和１．１２ｍｇ·ｇ·ｈ（干重）。     

苦瓜提取物对四种兽医临床常见菌的抑菌活性研究

采用打孔法和二倍稀释法研究不同质量浓度的苦瓜提取物对4种临床常见菌的抑制作用,并测定苦瓜提取物对4种菌株生长曲线的影响。结果显示,10 mg/mL的苦瓜提取物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用最强,而对链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用不显著;苦瓜提取物对4种菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为2.5 mg/mL、2.5 mg/mL、5 mg/mL和10 mg/mL。结果提示,苦瓜提取物具有较强的抑菌活性。